![]() The endothelium can release vasodilatory factors, such as nitric oxide (NO), prostacyclin (PGI 2), and endothelium-dependent hyperpolarizing (EDH), or vasoconstriction factors, such as thromboxane A 2 (TXA 2) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) that participate in the modulation of vascular tone ( Orshal & Khalil 2004). 2005), and the sex difference seems to be a key element on the modulation of endothelial function and may lead to an increase in cardiovascular risk ( Mcculloch & Randall 1998, Rosano et al. Furthermore, endothelial dysfunction appears to be the common point between risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases ( Hadi et al. Evidence shows that the female sex hormones, estrogen and progesterone, exert a cardioprotective effect ( Orshal & Khalil 2004), considering that the risk of the development of cardiovascular disease, such as hypertension and coronary artery disease, in postmenopausal women and men is higher than in premenopausal women ( Benjamin et al. 2016), and cardiovascular system ( Pang et al. However, it is already known that it also acts on non-reproductive organs, such as the nervous system ( Rossetti et al. Progesterone plays an important role in physiological processes in reproductive organs ( Morel et al. These effects seem to be, at least in part, mediated by different endothelial pathways, involving NO and EDH pathways in females and NO and prostanoids pathways in males. Our results suggest that progesterone is able to modulate vascular reactivity in coronary vascular bed with a vasodilatory response in both sexes. ![]() ![]() ![]() − production has increased in female group, while the male group has increased only NO production.When indomethacin was used, only the males showed a reduced relaxing response, and in the combined inhibition with L-NAME, indomethacin, and catalase, or with the use of Tiron, only the females presented reduced responses. The use of L-NAME increased vasodilatory response in both sexes. Nevertheless, progesterone promoted a similar relaxing response in both sexes. −) was performed by DAF-2DA and DHE, respectively.The analysis of nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anion (O 2 Baseline coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) was determined, and the vasoactive effect of progesterone was evaluated before and after infusion with N ω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), indomethacin, catalase, and Tiron. A dose–response curve of progesterone (1–50 μmol/L) in isolated hearts using the Langendorff preparation was performed. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the effect of acute administration of progesterone on the coronary bed and the endothelial pathways involved in this action in normotensive rats of both sexes. However, little is known about its role on the coronary circulation. ![]() Progesterone seems to play a role in cardiovascular physiology since its receptors are expressed on endothelial cells from both sexes of mammals. ![]()
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